The Egyptians discovered a type of writing material that was extracted from bone marrow stem of a plant called papyrus. Later he invented the scroll, which was obtained by preparing the two sides of a strip of animal skin. Meanwhile, in China around the year 105 AD was discovered the paper. A thousand years later, this technique reached Europe, caused a great demand for books. A mid-fifteenth century, the German inventor Johann Gutenberg movable type used for the first time in Europe to print the Bible. This technique extended the possibilities of study and led to radical changes in the way of life of peoples. Contributed to the emergence of greater individualism, rationalism, scientific research and national literatures. In the seventeenth century emerged in Europe a few sheets called corantos, which initially contained business news and evolved to become the first newspapers and magazines today put to reach the general public. The printing techniques and applications developed, usually rapidly in the following centuries. This was mainly due to the introduction of steam presses in the early nineteenth century and later the invention of typographic machines (see editing systems.) The first of these machines, called linotype, was patented in 1884 by the Germanic-American inventor Ottmar Mergenthaler. In the following decades, they appeared a number of printing techniques on a large scale, fast growing.
Different cultural and technological innovations that were happening throughout the centuries, and which led to the continuing separation of the senses, adding also the trend in the western world to separate the functions, operations, emotional situations, policies and tasks.
The press has given to the visual sense a dominant role in language, in art, in all spheres of social and political life.
typographic culture endured two centuries of medieval content. During the centuries of manuscript culture, the visual is not completely decoupled from the tactile, although significantly reduced the empire of the ear. However, the visual is held more closely with audiotactile that in the post. With the printing press dramatically decrease the oral qualities and produce the split, the break and away from both directions. The alphabet and print that enhances the visual qualities of the first gave a decisive role to the visual sense in language and in all spheres of social life, politics and culture of the West. With print vulgar language became a means of communication, underpinned the centralized nationalism, and was promoted individualism and market economy. And so, with the press, Europe experienced its first phase of consumption, because the print is not only a means and a commodity, but who taught men how to organize all the other activities on a systematic basis linear. Habituation to repetitive and linear models of the printed page largely predisposed people to
transfer such treatment to all sorts of problems. The principle of the segmentation of actions, functions and roles are systematically extended. The Renaissance is associated with visual quantification, the quest for certainty, accuracy and measurement. "Uniformity and linearity were the ways of science and new art." Gutenberg technology extended the principle of knowledge applied to the writing and language and all kinds of processes. Printing is the first effort of man to try to decouple the mechanical structure of the animal form, And in this sense, was one of the old trades that first led easily mechanized and increased mechanization of all others.
With the invention of printing, was kicked off the successive inventions of man who always needed a period of internalization, in its first phase of externalization, even though these inventions created by him.
One day at a press ...
Armed with a book ...
0 comments:
Post a Comment